Cerebrovascular Responses to Incremental Exercise During Hypobaric Hypoxia: Effect of Oxygenation on Maximal Performance

Subudhi, A. W., Lorenz, M. C., Fulco, C. S., Roach, R. C.

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA489111&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf

While performing demanding physical activity for long durations, fluid and electrolyte imbalance is common in athletes, military personnel, and recreational hikers. The military and civilian communities have introduced extensive heat mitigation measures to manage heat strain and reduce the risk of serious exertional heat illnesses (EMI). These heat mitigation measures include fluid and electrolyte replacement guidelines, vigilance, and identifying high-risk individuals. Despite these measures, exercise in hot weather continues to result in preventable injuries and deaths in young healthy individuals. With existing emphasis on appropriate fluid intake during exercise for the avoidance of dehydration, heat illness, and associated performance decrements, there has been a subsequent increase in reported exertional hyponatremia (MYPO) cases related to excessive water intake, elevated sweating rates, excessive sodium losses in sweat, and inadequate sodi um intake in soldiers (I), athletes (2,3,4), and recreational hikers (5,6).